{"doc_desc":{"title":"AGING","idno":"DDI-KEN-APHRC-Tackling-the-data-gaps-2018-v1.0","producers":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center","abbreviation":"APHRC","affiliation":"","role":"Documentation of the DDI"}],"prod_date":"2024-05-21","version_statement":{"version":"Version 1.0"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"DDI-KEN-APHRC-Tackling-the-data-gaps-2018-v1.0","title":"Health and Wellbeing of older persons in Kenya: Tackling the data gaps and needs","sub_title":"N\/A","alt_title":"HWOPK"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Dr Lucy Maina","affiliation":""},{"name":"Dr Gloria Langat","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center"}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"Dr Gloria Langat","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center","role":"Co-Investigator"},{"name":"Dr Leah Wanjama","affiliation":"","role":"Co-Investigator"}],"copyright":"Copyright \u00a9 APHRC, 2024"},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Demographic and Health Survey, Special [hh\/dhs-sp]","series_info":"A cross-sectional survey of older persons in Kiambu county, Kenya"},"version_statement":{"version_date":"2024-05-21"},"study_info":{"abstract":"Study Background\nThe number and proportion of older people 60 years or older in Kenya is set to increase from 2.1 million and 4.5% in 2015 to 3.6 million and 5.5% in 2030 respectively. This is attributed to increased life expectancy at birth and a high life expectancy at age 60 of about 18 years (UN Population Division, 2015). In Kenya the population 50 years and older had the highest percentage increase (318%) during the 1999 and 2009 inter-censual period compared with young people under the age of 15 years (128%) and adults 15-49 years (139%) (CBS, 2001; KNBS, 2010). Whereas increasing life expectancy and surviving to old age represents a triumph in health and development, old age can be characterised by a high burden of disease and disability resulting in reduced healthy life expectancy, increased demand for healthcare and expenditure (Ben-Shlomo & Kuh, 2002). \nResearch on the health of older people is vital for designing appropriate interventions and policies. However, there has been little focus on the health of older people little attention in Kenya to understand or address the health status, and wellbeing of this segment of the population. This is hampered by lack of representative data and surveys on health and wellbeing of older people. This population is excluded from most general population due to a policy focus on improved maternal and child health, and HIV and AIDS. Further, the older population are excluded from routine health surveillance which renders implementation of interventions and social programmes geared towards the welfare of older persons problematic (WHO, 2015). Goal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims to 'ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages' (UN, 2016) and achievement of successful and healthy ageing (WHO, 2015). Though pointers to poor health status of older persons exist, the patterning and drivers of health and wellbeing amongst older adults in Kenya is largely unknown. Furthermore, to date, no specific indicators and assessment measures exist to determine health status of older persons. \nStudy Aims and Objectives\nThis study is designed to develop a research framework for routine generation of evidence on the health and wellbeing of older people in Kenya and developing and piloting an essential research tool with key indicators to enable rapid and routine assessment of the health of older people. \nThe specific objectives of the study are to:\n(1)\tDevelop and validate a research tool to assess the health and wellbeing of older people in Kenya;\n(2)\tExamine the disease and disability burden among older people in a selected county;\n(3)\tIdentify health and socio-economic concerns and needs that affect the wellbeing of the older persons;\n(4)\tIdentify strategies that will enhance the health, psycho-social and general wellbeing of old people;\n(5)\tStrengthen the research capacity of the collaborating institutions through designing a policy-focused study and production of research outputs.\nStudy Site\nThe study will be conducted in Kiambu County. Kiambu County is located in the central region of Kenya and is one of the counties bordering Nairobi, the capital city. It is divided into 12 political administrative units and covers an area of 2,543 sq. KM with a population density of 638.23 making it the 6th most densely populated county. Kiambu County was selected as a case study for the project due to the proximity of the county to Nairobi City County and therefore populated by a fairly heterogeneous population composition with nearly all ethnic groups of Kenya. The proximity to the capital city also means that the resident population consists of those who are still actively participating in the formal as well as informal labour force and the retired workforce. The topography of Kiambu County, which comprise high and low altitude zones, offer a range of climatic zones consisting of rich agricultural areas to semi-arid zones with harsher climates and thus contrasting economic zones. Further, the county is made up mostly of urban and peri-urban communities as well as rural communities which provide diverse economic and livelihood opportunities (Kiambu County n.d.). \nStudy Design and Methodology\nA cross-sectional survey design will be used where households will be selected through a multi-stage random sampling of households with older persons. The first stage will involve a random selection of 30 clusters in the National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP) in Kiambu County. The second stage will involve the identification of households with older persons in each of the selected clusters and 10 households will be randomly selected from each cluster. About 300 households will be selected and random sampling with replacement to account for non-response. Data collection will be conducted electronically using tablets while collected data will be uploaded daily to central servers and monitored for completeness and quality. Household and population weights will be formulated for analysis.\nStudy Participants \nThe study participants are older people 60 years or older who are usual residents of Kiambu County (de jure population) or will be visiting the County and will have spent the night prior to the interview date (de facto population).\nParticipants will consist of individuals with ability to provide informed consent and those incapacitated will be interviewed through proxy respondents who will mainly be their caregivers. It is important to interview older people who are incapacitated and or unable to independently give informed consent as understanding the health needs and wellbeing of these older people is crucial in gaining wider knowledge of challenges faced by older people with severe disability or health conditions.\nWorkPlan\nThe project consists of three phases. Phase I consists of inception meeting and methodology workshops to identify the concepts and indicators to answer the research questions and discuss the methodological issues to be considered in the study. The data collection is developed in phase one through consultative workshops with core-team of researchers and stakeholders and is then validated by a wider team of experts.\nThe fieldwork and data collection will be conducted in the Phase II (6 months). This phase will cover recruitment and training of research assistants, piloting of the research tool, and development of the analysis plan. The final phase will consist of writing workshops and discussion of the results of the project, drafting of the project report and planning for future and further research direction including publication of joint working paper and journal article in a peer-reviewed journals. Appendix 1 provides the Gantt chart of the workplan. \nEthics Considerations\nThe research does not present any ethical risks and none of the issues to be researched can be considered culturally or socially sensitive. The project will comply fully with the relevant research and ethics guidelines for conducting research in Kenya and international guidelines for research with human participants. All the staff working in the project who will collect or handle data will be mandated to undertake online courses on research ethics and research on human subjects.\nThe data will be stored in secure servers and no copies will be stored or transferred to external or portal devices until after the data has been anonymised. At the end of the project, the data will be archived in a secure servers.\nInformed consent to participate in the research will be sought from all individuals after carefully explaining to each the purpose, why they have been chosen, and issues of confidentiality and freedom to not take part of withdraw from the study and contact information. A Participant Information Sheet (Appendix 2) will be provided to the participants along with a Consent Form (Appendix 3).\nBudget\nThe budget for the 1 phase of the project is KES 2,619,750. This covers the cost of the planning meeting (KES 351,500), inception meeting (KES 4,680,000), workshops KES (352,300), recruitment of research assistants (KES 175,700) and administrative costs (KES 450,500).\nPhase 2 of the project will consist of preparation meetings for fieldwork (KES 460,000), training of research assistants and piloting (KES 1,233,000), fieldwork (KES 4,988,500), and data preparation (KES 650,000). The total for phase 2 of the project is KES 7,331,500.\nThe final phase (KES 1,032,000) will comprise workshops and personnel costs relating to analysis and report writing (KES 762,000) and printing of report (KES 270,000).","coll_dates":[{"start":"2018-10-01","end":"2018-10-26","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Kenya","abbreviation":"KEN"}],"geog_coverage":"Older persons in Kenya (Kiambu county)","analysis_unit":"The unit of analysis is the sampled households of older persons in Kiambu county","universe":"The survey covered households with older persons","notes":"Respondents background information, Marital status and history, Children and family history, work status and history (benefits), Health state description, lifestyle\/health behavior, healthcare utilization and informal care and support","study_scope":"Respondents background information, Marital status and history, Children and family history, work status and history (benefits), Health state description, lifestyle\/health behavior, healthcare utilization and informal care and support"},"method":{"data_collection":{"sampling_procedure":"A cross-sectional survey design was used where households were selected through a multi-stage random sampling of households with older persons. The first stage involved a random selection of 30 clusters in the National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP) in Kiambu County. The second stage involved the identification of households with older persons in each of the selected clusters and 10 households were randomly selected from each cluster. About 300 households were selected and random sampling with replacement to account for non-response.","coll_mode":"Face-to-face [f2f]","research_instrument":"One questionnaire was administored to the respondents","weight":"Household and population weights were formulated for analysis.","cleaning_operations":"Data collection was conducted electronically using tablets while collected data was uploaded daily to central servers and monitored for completeness and quality."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"contact":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center","affiliation":"","email":"datarequests@aphrc.org\/info@aphrc.org","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:\n- the Identification of the Primary Investigator\n- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)\n- the survey reference number\n- the source and date of download","conditions":"APHRC data access condition\n\nAll non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research.\nThis form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners\/collaborators\/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:\n\n1.Data Ownership:\nThe data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.\n\n2.Purpose:\nThe provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.\n\n3.Respondent Identifiers:\nThe Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he\/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.\n\n4.Confidentiality pledge:\n The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.\n \n5.Reporting of errors or inconsistencies:\nThe user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.\n\n6.Publications resulting from APHRC data:\nThe Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.\n\n7.Security:\nThe user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.\n\n8.Loss of privilege to use data:\n In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him\/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.\n\n9.Acknowledgement:\nAny work\/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:\n\"This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City.\"Additionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.\n\n10.Deposit of Reports\/Papers:\nThe user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.\n\n11.Change of contact details:\nThe user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.","disclaimer":"The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses."}}}}