{"doc_desc":{"title":"Reckitt (1)","idno":"DDI-KEN-APHRC-RECKITT-2022-V10","producers":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center","abbreviation":"APHRC","affiliation":"","role":"Documentation of DDI"}],"prod_date":"2023-12-05","version_statement":{"version":"Version 1.0"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"DDI-KEN-APHRC-RECKITT-2022-V10","title":"Designing compound-led initiatives to promote handwashing in low-income urban","sub_title":"RECKITT","alt_title":"RECKITT"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Sheillah Simiyu","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center"}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"Phylis Busienei","affiliation":"APHRC","role":"Research Officer"},{"name":"Bonface Ingumba","affiliation":"APHRC","role":"Data Governance Officer"}],"copyright":"Copyright @ APHRC 2024","funding_agencies":[{"name":"Reckitt Global Hygiene Institute","abbreviation":"RGHI","role":"Funder"}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Demographic and Health Survey [hh\/dhs]","series_info":"N\/A"},"version_statement":{"version_date":"2023-12-05","version_notes":"N\/A"},"study_info":{"abstract":"Handwashing with soap is necessary for promoting the public health of communities as it contributes to\nthe prevention of adverse health outcomes such as diarrhoeal disease and acute respiratory infections.\nThe availability of handwashing facilities, which are necessary for handwashing to happen, is notably low\nin sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, available literature shows disparities in access to handwashing facilities\nin urban and rural areas, but scanty and inconsistent data is available on access to handwashing facilities\nwithin low income urban settlements in Kenyan cities. In addition to handwashing facilities that are\nnonexistent, residents of low-income urban settlements also face challenges of access to water and\nsanitation facilities within their compounds.\nThis study aims to evaluate the status of handwashing practices in Kenya, and design handwashing\nfacilities that will be managed and maintained by community members in low-income urban settlements\nwithin Nairobi, Kisumu, and Nakuru. This will be a multi-stage study where a mixed-methods approach\nwill be applied. The first phase of the study will entail a cross-sectional survey, in-depth interviews, and\nfocus group discussions to assess and explore handwashing practices and their determinants in the lowincome urban settlements. A second co-design phase will build from the first phase and will entail\ndesigning and testing compound-led initiatives for improving hand hygiene within the settlements. This\nsecond phase will be a participatory phase that will entail co-designing appropriate handwashing facilities\nand the accompanying messaging to encourage handwashing with soap with selected residents in the\nlow-income urban settlements. Results from these two phases will inform a subsequent trial to evaluate\nthe effectiveness of these interventions. The study will be conducted in three cities in Kenya; i.e. Nairobi,\nNakuru and Kisumu. The three cities have been selected because they reflect urban cities in Africa; Nairobi\nrepresents a capital city, Kisumu a mid-size secondary city, and Nakuru represents a rapidly urbanizing\nand expanding secondary city. The three cities will provide a reflection of different urban environments\nin Africa, and a comparison of hand hygiene practices in three different contexts. Results from this study\nwill provide evidence on hygiene facilities and their determinants in poor settings in urban Kenya,\nevidence that is useful for decision making, planning, and practice. At the global level, the evidence will\nprovide data on global monitoring and reporting of hygiene, in urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa.","coll_dates":[{"start":"2022-10-03","end":"2022-12-12","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"KENYA","abbreviation":"KEN"}],"geog_coverage":"Low and Middle income settlements in Kenyan cities","analysis_unit":"families\/households","universe":"Household members residing in Low and Middle income settlements in Kenyan cities","notes":"A cross sectional household survey was conducted to assess the availability of handwashing facilities at \nthe household level in the low income urban settlements. The surveyl also provide information on the \navailability of hygiene and handwashing facilities, hygiene commodities such as soap, availability of water, \nand challenges in practicing hand hygiene or handwashing with soap.\n\nKey Informant interviews (KIIs) wiere conducted with stakeholders at the policy level at national and \ncounty levels and stakeholders from organizations involved in handwashing interventions. The aim of the \nKIIs was to understand barriers and opportunities related to handwashing in low income urban \nsettlements, including handwashing interventions that have been implemented within low income urban \nsettlements, policies on handwashing with soap, coordination mechanisms, sources of funding, and \nmonitoring and evaluation approaches. \n\nIDIs were conducted with households from each of the four study sites to get deeper understanding of \nexisting handwashing infrastructure and hygiene practices; including where handwashing facilities are \nlocated, how and when handwashing is done, why handwashing is done the way it is done, barriers for \nhandwashing, and opportunities for improvement.","study_scope":"A cross sectional household survey was conducted to assess the availability of handwashing facilities at \nthe household level in the low income urban settlements. The surveyl also provide information on the \navailability of hygiene and handwashing facilities, hygiene commodities such as soap, availability of water, \nand challenges in practicing hand hygiene or handwashing with soap.\n\nKey Informant interviews (KIIs) wiere conducted with stakeholders at the policy level at national and \ncounty levels and stakeholders from organizations involved in handwashing interventions. The aim of the \nKIIs was to understand barriers and opportunities related to handwashing in low income urban \nsettlements, including handwashing interventions that have been implemented within low income urban \nsettlements, policies on handwashing with soap, coordination mechanisms, sources of funding, and \nmonitoring and evaluation approaches. \n\nIDIs were conducted with households from each of the four study sites to get deeper understanding of \nexisting handwashing infrastructure and hygiene practices; including where handwashing facilities are \nlocated, how and when handwashing is done, why handwashing is done the way it is done, barriers for \nhandwashing, and opportunities for improvement."},"method":{"data_collection":{"sampling_procedure":"Household Survey\nPrevalence of handwashing facilities in low income urban settlements in the four cities was used to \nestimate the sample size, i.e 66% in Kisumu (ResilienceThink, 2021), 18.6% in Nakuru (County Government \nof Nakuru, 2018), 27% in Mombasa (Jason Cardosi & Rufus, 2007), and 21.1% in Nairobi (Kamau & Njiru, \n2018). \nThe sample size determination formula for finite population was used\n?? = (\n(??)\n2 \u00d7 ??(??)\n(??)\n2\n)\nWhere, \nn = Desired sample size \nZ = Critical value and standard value for the corresponding level of confidence (At 95% CI of 1.96\nP = Expected prevalence based on previous research \nq = 1-p \nd = Margin of error or precision (at 5%)\nThe estimated sample sizes was adjusted upwards by 10% to cater for refusals and\/or drop outs. \nBased on the formula, the final estimated sample size in each of the three cities was be 379 respondents \nin Kisumu, 260 respondents in Nakuru, 333 respondents in Mombasa, and 280 respondents in Nairobi.\n\n In-Depth Interviews (IDI)\nHouseholds were selected randomly if they live within the selected settlements in Nairobi, Mombasa, Nakuru and Kisumu cities. \nParticipants comprised adult male and female household heads, including landlords, who \nconsented to participate in the study. Field staff randomly selected respondents who were residents within \nthe study sites, and purposively select landlords who provided insights on barriers and opportunities \nfor handwashing interventions. \n\n Key Informant Interviews\n Eligible stakeholders werel identified and purposively sampled from already existing listing of Key \nstakeholders (at national and county levels) involved in handwashing interventions, and they comprised \nindividuals from the Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Water, Sanitation and Irrigation (MoWSI), and \ndevelopment and implementing organizations such as the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF)","sampling_deviation":"N\/A","coll_mode":"Face-to-face [f2f]","research_instrument":"Household questionnaire\nA cross sectional household survey was conducted to assess the availability of handwashing facilities at \nthe household level in the low income urban settlements. The surveyl also provide information on the \navailability of hygiene and handwashing facilities, hygiene commodities such as soap, availability of water, \nand challenges in practicing hand hygiene or handwashing with soap.\n\n\nKII tool guide\nKey Informant interviews (KIIs) wiere conducted with stakeholders at the policy level at national and \ncounty levels and stakeholders from organizations involved in handwashing interventions. The aim of the \nKIIs was to understand barriers and opportunities related to handwashing in low income urban \nsettlements, including handwashing interventions that have been implemented within low income urban \nsettlements, policies on handwashing with soap, coordination mechanisms, sources of funding, and \nmonitoring and evaluation approaches. \n\n\nIDI tool guide\nIDIs were conducted with households from each of the four study sites to get deeper understanding of \nexisting handwashing infrastructure and hygiene practices; including where handwashing facilities are \nlocated, how and when handwashing is done, why handwashing is done the way it is done, barriers for \nhandwashing, and opportunities for improvement.","act_min":"Field interviewers were supervised by Team Leaders, Research Officer and Project manager to ensure data quality and integrity","weight":"N\/A","cleaning_operations":"Data was collected using the Ipsos iField application on android tablets","method_notes":"N\/A"},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"N\/A","sampling_error_estimates":"N\/A"}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"contact":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center","affiliation":"","email":"datarequest@aphrc.org","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:\n- the Identification of the Primary Investigator\n- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)\n- the survey reference number\n- the source and date of download","conditions":"All non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research. This form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners\/collaborators\/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:\n\n1. Data Ownership: The data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.\n\n2. Purpose: The provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.\n\n3. Respondent Identifiers: The Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he\/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.\n\n4. Confidentiality pledge: The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.\n\n5. Reporting of errors or inconsistencies: The user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.\n\n6. Publications resulting from APHRC data: The Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.\n\n7. Security: The user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.\n\n8. Loss of privilege to use data: In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him\/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.\n\n9. Acknowledgement: Any work\/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:\n\n\"This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City.\"\n\nAdditionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.\n\n10. Deposit of Reports\/Papers: The user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.\n\n11. Change of contact details: The user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.","disclaimer":"The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses."}}}}