{"doc_desc":{"title":"PROMOTE Endline","idno":"DDI-BFA-MWI-APHRC-PROMOTE-ENDLINE-2024-V1.0","producers":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center","abbreviation":"APHRC","affiliation":"","role":"DDI Documentation"}],"prod_date":"2025-08-27","version_statement":{"version":"Version 1.0(August 2025)"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"DDI-BFA-MWI-APHRC-PROMOTE-ENDLINE-2024-V1.0","title":"Effectiveness of conditional cash transfers, subsidized child care and life skills training on adolescent mothers\u2019 schooling, sexual and reproductive health, and mental health outcomes in Burkina Faso and Malawi","sub_title":"The PROMOTE, ENDLINE","alt_title":"PROMOTE"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Caroline Kabiru","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya "}],"oth_id":[{"name":"Kelvin Kamau Maina","affiliation":"APHRC","email":"","role":"Data documentation specialist"},{"name":"Bonface Butichi Ingumba","affiliation":"APHRC","email":"","role":"Data Governance Officer"}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"Anthony Idowu Ajayi","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Ramatou  Ouedraogo","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Beatrice Maina","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator and Project Manager "},{"name":"Anne Khisa","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Catherine Asego","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Grace Kimemia","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Michelle Mbuthia","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Jane Mangwana","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Patrick Ilboudo","affiliation":"African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya ","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Alister Munthali","affiliation":"Centre for Social Research (CSR)","role":"Co-Principal Investigator"},{"name":"Chrissie Kantukule","affiliation":"Centre for Social Research (CSR)","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Nathalie Sawadogo","affiliation":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Universit\u00e9 Joseph Ki-Zerbo","role":"Co-Principal Investigator"},{"name":"Alexandra Tapsoba","affiliation":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Universit\u00e9 Joseph Ki-Zerbo","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Abdoul Tarnagda","affiliation":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Universit\u00e9 Joseph Ki-Zerbo","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Abdoul Kader Ilboudo","affiliation":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Universit\u00e9 Joseph Ki-Zerbo","role":"Co-investigator"},{"name":"Carole Compaor\u00e9","affiliation":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Universit\u00e9 Joseph Ki-Zerbo","role":"Co-investigator"}],"copyright":"Copyright \u00a9 APHRC, 2025","funding_agencies":[{"name":"International Development Research Centre","abbreviation":"IDRC","role":"Provided primary funding "},{"name":"Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency","abbreviation":"SIDA","role":"Co-funder supporting"}],"grant_no":"Grant No. 109813\u2013 001 Sida Contribution No. 12103"},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Demographic and Health Survey [hh\/dhs]","series_info":"This survey is part of the PROMOTE Project Evaluation Series, which included the 2023 Baseline survey in Malawi and Burkina Faso. The baseline survey, conducted in 2023 before the start of the program, collected data on demographic characteristics, education, livelihoods, childcare needs, sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and mental health. The endline survey, carried out in 2024, twelve months after program implementation, gathered data on school and vocational training enrolment and retention, contraceptive use, mental health, SRH outcomes, and program exposure."},"version_statement":{"version_date":"2025-08-08","version_notes":"N\/A"},"study_info":{"abstract":"Introduction: In Burkina Faso and Malawi, as in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, girls' and women's health as well as social and economic wellbeing were often negatively impacted by early childbearing. A vast majority of adolescent girls who got pregnant dropped out of school, which resulted in widening gender inequalities in schooling and economic participation. Our gender transformative research aimed to generate rigorous evidence that would provide insights on how policy makers and program implementers could support parenting adolescents. We estimated the incremental effect of three interventions aimed at facilitating adolescent mothers' (re)entry into school or vocation training in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Blantyre (Malawi). We also examined the effect of the intervention on sexual and reproductive health outcomes and mental health. The three interventions we assessed were: a cash transfer conditioned on (re)enrolment into school or vocational training; subsidized childcare; and life skills training that covered nurturing childcare, sexual and reproductive health, and financial literacy.\n\nStudy Design: A randomized trial was used to compare the effectiveness of the three interventions. We evaluated the interventions using data from surveys conducted before the start of the program and at the end of 12 months. Following the baseline, adolescent mothers (N=270) aged 10 - 19 years with a child aged 1 - 3 years were randomized into one of three study arms. Arm one received life skills training through adolescent mothers' clubs. The adolescent mothers' clubs were facilitated by community health workers (CHWs). Given their role as a bridge between the community and the health sector, working with CHWs was also critical in facilitating access to SRH and child health services for adolescent mothers and their children. The second arm received the life skills training and subsidized childcare. The third arm incorporated all three interventions. Comparing the first (mothers' clubs only) and second (mothers' clubs + subsidized childcare) allowed us to test the additional benefit of the childcare subsidy. Comparing the second and third arms (mothers' clubs + subsidized childcare + cash transfer) also allowed us to test the additional benefit of the cash transfer. Comparing the first and third arms allowed us to test the combined benefit of the subsidized childcare and cash transfers. At the endline, we assessed the average treatment effect across the three groups following intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis, comparing school or vocational training enrolment and retention, contraceptive use, and mental health at baseline and endline. To complement the quantitative data, we conducted a qualitative process evaluation which adopted an ethnographic approach combining participant observation and repeat IDIs with adolescent mothers, and key informant interviews (KIIs) with partners, teachers, parents and childcare center managers. This approach helped gather contextual subjective knowledge about adolescent mothers, their daily interactions with key actors in their lives (including their parents, partners, teachers, etc.) and their behavioral responses to different stimuli.\n\nDissemination: We aimed to maximize the translation of the evidence into policy and action through sustained engagement from inception with key stakeholders and decision makers and strategic communication of research findings using a variety of knowledge products, including online news articles, peer-review journal publications, policy briefs, and conference abstracts, tailored to diverse groups of end-users.\n\nTrial registration number: AEARCTR-0009115\n\nBudget: USD 782,746 over three years","coll_dates":[{"start":"2024-06-02","end":"2024-07-31","cycle":"Malawi"},{"start":"2024-10-01","end":"2024-10-30","cycle":"Burkina Faso"}],"nation":[{"name":"Malawi","abbreviation":"MWI"},{"name":"Burkina Faso","abbreviation":"BFA"}],"geog_coverage":"Urban areas of Malawi and Burkina Faso.","analysis_unit":"Parenting Adolescent girls.","universe":"Parenting Adolescent mothers aged 10-19 years with at least one biological child aged 1-3 years, living in urban areas of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Blantyre (Malawi).","notes":"This dataset contains Endline information collected from adolescent mothers aged 10-19 years residing in select districts in Malawi and Burkina Faso. The scope covers multiple domains relevant to the PROMOTE intervention, including:\n\nSocio-demographics (age, marital status, education, household composition),\n\nEducational and vocational background,\n\nSexual and reproductive health knowledge and behavior,\n\nMental and physical health status,\n\nFinancial literacy and economic practices,\n\nGender norms and attitudes,\n\nExperiences with intimate partner violence (IPV),\n\nParenting practices and child bonding.","study_scope":"This dataset contains Endline information collected from adolescent mothers aged 10-19 years residing in select districts in Malawi and Burkina Faso. The scope covers multiple domains relevant to the PROMOTE intervention, including:\n\nSocio-demographics (age, marital status, education, household composition),\n\nEducational and vocational background,\n\nSexual and reproductive health knowledge and behavior,\n\nMental and physical health status,\n\nFinancial literacy and economic practices,\n\nGender norms and attitudes,\n\nExperiences with intimate partner violence (IPV),\n\nParenting practices and child bonding."},"method":{"data_collection":{"sampling_procedure":"For the endline survey, the sample consisted of all adolescent mothers who participated in the baseline survey and were enrolled in one of the three intervention arms. A total of 407 participants, with 201 in Burkina Faso and 206 in Malawi. This was a longitudinal follow-up, with no new sampling conducted; instead, every baseline participant was traced and re-interviewed to allow intent-to-treat analysis, regardless of their level of participation in the interventions. At baseline, participants were selected through multi-stage sampling, beginning with the random selection of enumeration areas (EAs) from a primary sampling frame, followed by a household listing to identify eligible adolescent mothers aged 10-19 years with a child aged 1-3 years who had lived in the study site for at least one year. In each EA, 20 eligible households were randomly selected, and if a household had more than one eligible adolescent, one was chosen using a Kish grid. For the endline, field teams revisited the same households and communities, and any cases of dropout were documented for attrition analysis rather than being replaced.","sampling_deviation":"There were no significant deviations from the original sampling design. Minor adjustments occurred at the community level to account for incomplete lists of eligible adolescent mothers, particularly in areas where formal records were lacking. In such cases, local health workers and community leaders assisted in identifying additional participants through referrals and community mapping. These adjustments ensured inclusion of all eligible participants within the targeted clusters without compromising the study\u2019s purposive sampling framework.","coll_mode":"Face-to-face [f2f]","research_instrument":"The PROMOTE Endline survey adopted the same questionnaire used at baseline so that changes can be measured consistently. The structured questionnaire was administered face-to-face to adolescent mothers aged 10\u201319 years. The instrument was delivered digitally via tablets and covered multiple modules, including socio-demographic characteristics, education and vocational training, sexual and reproductive health, mental and physical health, financial literacy, gender attitudes, intimate partner violence (IPV), childcare and bonding, and future aspirations.","act_min":"Data collection for the PROMOTE Endline survey was supervised by trained field coordinators who oversaw enumerator teams in both Malawi and Burkina Faso. Supervisors were responsible for monitoring adherence to survey protocols, reviewing data quality in real time (facilitated by the use of tablets), and ensuring ethical conduct throughout fieldwork. Daily debriefings and data checks were conducted to address issues promptly, and local language support was provided to assist enumerators in engaging effectively with respondents.","weight":"No sampling weights were applied.","cleaning_operations":"Data was collected using SurveyCTO, a tablet-based platform that enabled real-time electronic entry during interviews, with automatic skip patterns and validation checks built into the forms. Completed data were securely uploaded to a central server and subsequently cleaned and processed by the research team. The cleaning process included checks for missing values, outliers, and inconsistencies. STATA software was used for data cleaning, management, and analysis, including recoding variables and generating descriptive statistics for reporting.","method_notes":"Data was collected in the field using digital tablets equipped with the SurveyCTO platform, which allowed for real-time data entry using a highly structured, pre-programmed electronic questionnaire. The system incorporated automatic skip logic, range and consistency checks, and built-in validations to prevent entry errors. Enumerators could not override these checks, ensuring high-quality data capture at the point of collection. All interviews were conducted face-to-face and recorded electronically in local languages. Upon completion of interviews each day, data were synced to a secure central server.\n\nEach country team had dedicated data managers who supervised the uploading, monitoring, and storage of incoming data. The centralized server was maintained with restricted access and encryption protocols to ensure respondent confidentiality. After fieldwork concluded, datasets were downloaded, reviewed, and cleaned using STATA software. The cleaning process involved removing duplicates, correcting inconsistencies, managing missing values, and recoding variables based on a predefined analysis plan. Open-ended \u201cother\u201d responses were reviewed and, in some cases, recoded into existing categories where appropriate. Unique respondent identifiers allowed for module linkage without compromising anonymity.\n\nThough no double data entry or manual verification was needed due to the digital collection mode, a series of consistency checks and summary statistics were generated to identify outliers or unusual patterns. Variables such as age, education level, contraceptive use, and income were grouped or transformed as needed for tabulation.  Final, cleaned datasets were saved in both raw and analysis-ready formats for subsequent use in monitoring and evaluation."},"analysis_info":{"response_rate":"The report does not provide formal response rates. However, a total of 407 adolescent mothers aged 10\u201319 were successfully interviewed across Malawi and Burkina Faso (206 in Malawi, 201 in Burkina Faso). No information was provided on refusals, ineligibility, or total eligible sample approached.","sampling_error_estimates":"N\/A"}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"contact":[{"name":"African Population and Health Research Center","affiliation":"","email":"datarequest@aphrc.org","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:\n- the Identification of the Primary Investigator\n- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)\n- the survey reference number\n- the source and date of download","conditions":"APHRC data access condition\n\nAll non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research.\nThis form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners\/collaborators\/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:\n\n1.Data Ownership:\nThe data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.\n\n2.Purpose:\nThe provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.\n\n3.Respondent Identifiers:\nThe Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he\/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.\n\n4.Confidentiality pledge:\n The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.\n \n5.Reporting of errors or inconsistencies:\nThe user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.\n\n6.Publications resulting from APHRC data:\nThe Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.\n\n7.Security:\nThe user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.\n\n8.Loss of privilege to use data:\n In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him\/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.\n\n9.Acknowledgement:\nAny work\/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:\n\"This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City.\"Additionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.\n\n10.Deposit of Reports\/Papers:\nThe user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.\n\n11.Change of contact details:\nThe user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.","disclaimer":"The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses."}}}}