Post Covid19 - HW Project_27Aug2026 (1)
DDI-KEN-APHRC-PostCOVID-HWProject-2024-v1.0
African Population and Health Research Center
2025-07-22
Nesstar Publisher
Version 1.0 (July, 2025)
CHOICES AND PRACTICES OF HAND WASHING WITH SOAP IN THE POST-COVID-19 PERIOD IN VIWANDANI INFORMAL SETTLEMENT, NAIROBI, KENYA
Post COVID-19 Hand Washing Project
PostCOVID-HWProject
DDI-KEN-APHRC-PostCOVID-HWProject-2024-v1.0
Maurine Ng’oda, MPH
Joshua Eliud
Collins Omenda
Bonface Ingumba
Jane Osindo, MPH
Sheillah Simiyu, PhD
Copyright © APHRC, 2025
Nesstar Publisher
African Population and Health Research Center
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
N/A
N/A
KENYA
County coverage, Urban informal settlement, Nairobi county (Viwandani informal settlement)
The study focuses on residents of Viwandani, leaders of institutions identified during hotspot mapping, health professionals, and local administrative leaders.
For IDIs, a replacement procedure was used when an invited participant did not attend the scheduled interview. Data collectors returned to the same hotspot, conducted additional covert observations, and randomly selected another eligible participant for the IDI.
Data were collected using a structured observation tool for covert observations, semi-structured interview guides for in-depth interviews (IDIs) and key informant interviews (KIIs), and a semi-structured focus group discussion (FGD) guide. The instruments were developed in English and translated into Kiswahili to support comprehension and inclusivity.
None
N/A
African Population and Health Research Center
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
handwashing_observation_cln_data_25Aug2026.NSDstat
528
17
Nesstar 200801
Participant ID
528
0
DHS001001B
1
DHS001002B
1
DHS001003B
1
DHS001004B
1
DHS001005B
1
DHS001006B
1
DHS001007B
1
DHS001008B
1
DHS001009A
1
DHS001010B
1
DHS001011B
1
DHS001012B
1
DHS001013B
1
DHS001014B
1
DHS001015B
1
DHS001016B
1
DHS001017B
1
DHS001018B
1
DHS001019B
1
DHS001020B
1
DHS001021B
1
DHS001022B
1
DHS001023B
1
DHS001024B
1
DHS001025B
1
JC004001B
1
JC004002B
1
JC004003B
1
JC004004B
1
JC004005B
1
JC004006A
1
JC004007B
1
JC004008A
1
JC004009B
1
JC004010B
1
JC004011B
1
JC004012B
1
JC004013B
1
JC004014B
1
JC004015B
1
JC004016B
1
JC004017B
1
JC004018B
1
JC004019B
1
JC004020B
1
JC004021B
1
JC004022B
1
JC004023B
1
JC004024A
1
JC004025B
1
JH001001A
1
JH001002A
1
JH001003B
1
JH001004A
1
JH001005A
1
JH001006A
1
JH001007A
1
JH001008A
1
JH001009B
1
JH001010A
1
JH001011B
1
JH001012A
1
JH001013A
1
JH001014A
1
JH001015A
1
JH001016B
1
JH001017B
1
JH001018A
1
JH001019A
1
JH001020B
1
JH001021A
1
JH001022B
1
JH001023A
1
JH001024A
1
JH001025B
1
JT002001A
1
JT002002A
1
JT002003A
1
JT002004B
1
JT002005A
1
JT002006A
1
JT002007B
1
JT002008A
1
JT002009A
1
JT002010A
1
JT002011A
1
JT002012B
1
JT002013A
1
JT002014A
1
JT002015A
1
JT002016A
1
JT002017A
1
JT002018A
1
JT002019B
1
JT002020A
1
JT002021A
1
JT002022A
1
JT002023A
1
JT002024A
1
JT002025A
1
KSH002001A
1
KSH002002A
1
KSH002003A
1
KSH002004A
1
KSH002005A
1
KSH002006A
1
KSH002007A
1
KSH002008A
1
KSH002009A
1
KSH002010B
1
KSH002011A
1
KSH002012A
1
KSH002013A
1
KSH002014A
1
KSH002015A
1
KSH002016A
1
KSH002017A
1
KSH002018A
1
KSH002019A
1
KSH002020A
1
KSH002021B
1
KSH002022A
1
KSH002023A
1
KSH002024A
1
KSH002025A
1
LCC001001B
1
LCC001002B
1
LCC001003B
1
LCC001004B
1
LCC001005B
1
LCC001006B
1
LCC001007B
1
LCC001008B
1
LCC001009B
1
LCC001010B
1
LCC001011B
1
LCC001012B
1
LCC001013B
1
LCC001014B
1
LCC001015B
1
LCC001016B
1
LCC001017B
1
LCC001018B
1
LCC001019B
1
LCC001020B
1
LCC001021B
1
LCC001022B
1
LCC001023B
1
LCC001024B
1
LCC001025B
1
LCT005001A
1
LCT005002A
1
LCT005003A
1
LCT005004A
1
LCT005005A
1
LCT005006B
1
LCT005007B
1
LCT005008A
1
LCT005009A
1
LCT005010A
1
LCT005011A
1
LCT005012A
1
LCT005013A
1
LCT005014A
1
LCT005015A
1
LCT005016A
1
LCT005017A
1
LCT005018A
1
LCT005019A
1
LCT005020A
1
LCT005021A
1
LCT005022A
1
LCT005023B
1
LCT005024A
1
LCT005025A
1
MT002001A
1
MT002002B
1
MT002003A
1
MT002004A
1
MT002005A
1
MT002006A
1
MT002007B
1
MT002008B
1
MT002009A
1
MT002010A
1
MT002011A
1
MT002012B
1
MT002013A
1
MT002014A
1
MT002015A
1
MT002016A
1
MT002017A
1
MT002018B
1
MT002019A
1
MT002020A
1
MT002021A
1
MT002022B
1
MT002023B
1
MT002024B
1
MT002025A
1
PAH002001A
1
PAH002002A
1
PAH002003B
1
PAH002004B
1
PAH002005A
1
PAH002006B
1
PAH002007A
1
PAH002008A
1
PAH002009B
1
PAH002010A
1
PAH002011B
1
PAH002012A
1
PAH002013B
1
PAH002014A
1
PAH002015B
1
PAH002016A
1
PAH002017A
1
PAH002018B
1
PAH002019A
1
PAH002020A
1
PAH002021A
1
PAH002022A
1
PAH002023A
1
PAH002024B
1
PAH002025A
1
PAT005001B
1
PAT005002A
1
PAT005003A
1
PAT005004B
1
PAT005005A
1
PAT005006A
1
PAT005007A
1
PAT005008A
1
PAT005009A
1
PAT005010A
1
PAT005011A
1
PAT005012A
1
PAT005013A
1
PAT005014A
1
PAT005015A
1
PAT005016A
1
PAT005017B
1
PAT005018A
1
PAT005019A
1
PAT005020A
1
PAT005021A
1
PAT005022A
1
PAT005023A
1
PAT005024A
1
PAT005025A
1
PBH002001A
1
PBH002002A
1
PBH002003A
1
PBH002004B
1
PBH002005B
1
PBH002006B
1
PBH002007B
1
PBH002008B
1
PBH002009B
1
PBH002010B
1
PBH002011A
1
PBH002012A
1
PBH002013A
1
PBH002014B
1
PBH002015B
1
PBH002016B
1
PBH002017A
1
PBH002018A
1
PBH002019B
1
PBH002020B
1
PBH002021B
1
PBH002022A
1
PBH002023B
1
PBH002024A
1
PBH002025A
1
PBT003001A
1
PBT003002A
1
PBT003003B
1
PBT003004B
1
PBT003005B
1
PBT003006B
1
PBT003007A
1
PBT003008A
1
PBT003009A
1
PBT003010A
1
PBT003011B
1
PBT003012A
1
PBT003013A
1
PBT003014A
1
PBT003015A
1
PBT003016A
1
PBT003017A
1
PBT003018B
1
PBT003019A
1
PBT003020A
1
PBT003021B
1
PBT003022A
1
PBT003023A
1
PBT003024A
1
PBT003025A
1
PCH003001A
1
PCH003002A
1
PCH003003A
1
PCH003004A
1
PCH003005A
1
PCH003006A
1
PCH003007B
1
PCH003008B
1
PCH003009B
1
PCH003010A
1
PCH003011B
1
PCH003012B
1
PCH003013B
1
PCH003014B
1
PCH003015B
1
PCH003016A
1
PCH003017B
1
PCH003018A
1
PCH003019A
1
PCH003020B
1
PCH003021A
1
PCH003022A
1
PCH003023B
1
PCH003024A
1
PCH003025B
1
PCT002001B
1
PCT002002A
1
PCT002003A
1
PCT002004A
1
PCT002005B
1
PCT002006A
1
PCT002007A
1
PCT002008A
1
PCT002009A
1
PCT002010A
1
PCT002011A
1
PCT002012B
1
PCT002013A
1
PCT002014A
1
PCT002015B
1
PCT002016A
1
PCT002017A
1
PCT002018A
1
PCT002019B
1
PCT002020A
1
PCT002021A
1
PCT002022A
1
PCT002023A
1
PCT002024B
1
PCT002025A
1
PCT002026A
1
PCT002027A
1
RRH001001A
1
RRH001002A
1
RRH001003A
1
RRH001004A
1
RRH001005A
1
RRH001006A
1
RRH001007A
1
RRH001008A
1
RRH001009A
1
RRH001010A
1
RRH001011A
1
RRH001012B
1
RRH001013B
1
RRH001014A
1
RRH001015A
1
RRH001016A
1
RRH001017A
1
RRH001018B
1
RRH001019A
1
RRH001020A
1
RRH001021A
1
RRH001022B
1
RRH001023A
1
RRH001024A
1
RRH001025A
1
SOH003001A
1
SOH003002B
1
SOH003003A
1
SOH003004A
1
SOH003005A
1
SOH003006A
1
SOH003007B
1
SOH003008B
1
SOH003009B
1
SOH003010A
1
SOH003011A
1
SOH003012B
1
SOH003013A
1
SOH003014A
1
SOH003015A
1
SOH003016B
1
SOH003017B
1
SOH003018A
1
SOH003019A
1
SOH003020A
1
SOH003021B
1
SOH003022A
1
SOH003023A
1
SOH003024B
1
SOH003025A
1
SOSH001001A
1
SOSH001002A
1
SOSH001003A
1
SOSH001004A
1
SOSH001005A
1
SOSH001006A
1
SOSH001007A
1
SOSH001008A
1
SOSH001009A
1
SOSH001010A
1
SOSH001011A
1
SOSH001012A
1
SOSH001013A
1
SOSH001014A
1
SOSH001015A
1
SOSH001016A
1
SOSH001017A
1
SOSH001018A
1
SOSH001019A
1
SOSH001020A
1
SOSH001021A
1
SOSH001022A
1
SOSH001023A
1
SOSH001024A
1
SOSH001025A
1
SRH001001A
1
SRH001002A
1
SRH001003A
1
SRH001004B
1
SRH001005B
1
SRH001006A
1
SRH001007B
1
SRH001008A
1
SRH001009A
1
SRH001010B
1
SRH001011B
1
SRH001012A
1
SRH001013A
1
SRH001014A
1
SRH001015A
1
SRH001016A
1
SRH001017A
1
SRH001018A
1
SRH001019A
1
SRH001020A
1
SRH001021A
1
SRH001022A
1
SRH001023A
1
SRH001024A
1
SRH001025A
1
SRT001001A
1
SRT001002A
1
SRT001003A
1
SRT001004A
1
SRT001005A
1
SRT001006B
1
SRT001007A
1
SRT001008A
1
SRT001009A
1
SRT001010A
1
SRT001011A
1
SRT001012B
1
SRT001013A
1
SRT001014B
1
SRT001015B
1
SRT001016B
1
SRT001017A
1
SRT001018A
1
SRT001019A
1
SRT001020A
1
SRT001021A
1
SRT001022A
1
SRT001023A
1
SRT001024A
1
SRT001025A
1
SRT001026A
1
UH005001A
1
UH005002A
1
UH005003A
1
UH005004A
1
UH005005A
1
UH005006A
1
UH005007B
1
UH005008A
1
UH005009A
1
UH005010A
1
UH005011A
1
UH005012A
1
UH005013A
1
UH005014A
1
UH005015A
1
UH005016B
1
UH005017A
1
UH005018A
1
UH005019B
1
UH005020B
1
UH005021B
1
UH005022B
1
UH005023B
1
UH005024B
1
UH005025B
1
UHC001001A
1
UHC001002A
1
UHC001003A
1
UHC001004A
1
UHC001005A
1
UHC001006A
1
UHC001007A
1
UHC001008A
1
UHC001009A
1
UHC001010A
1
UHC001011A
1
UHC001012A
1
UHC001013A
1
UHC001014A
1
UHC001015A
1
UHC001016A
1
UHC001017A
1
UHC001018A
1
UHC001019A
1
UHC001020A
1
UHC001021A
1
UHC001022A
1
UHC001023A
1
UHC001024A
1
UHC001025A
1
Hotspot ID
528
0
DHS001
25
JC004
25
JH001
25
JT002
25
KSH002
25
LCC001
25
LCT005
25
MT002
25
PAH002
25
PAT005
25
PBH002
25
PBT003
25
PCH003
25
PCT002
27
RRH001
25
SOH003
25
SOSH001
25
SRH001
25
SRT001
26
UH005
25
UHC001
25
Hotspot type
528
0
0
Hospital
50
1
Toilet
178
2
School
50
3
Hotel
150
4
Church
75
5
Rehabilitation center
25
Sex
528
0
0
Female
204
1
Male
324
Age
528
0
0
child
66
1
young & middle-aged adult
415
2
elderly
47
Handwashing facility location
501
27
0
Entrance
401
1
Near toilet
0
2
Within compound
100
Sysmiss
27
Type of facility
528
0
0
Improvised (jerrycan, bucket, container with tap)
278
1
Semi-permanent (tank on stand, fixed setup)
200
2
Permanent (sink, piped water system)
50
Soap container type
528
0
0
Bar placed on a surface
50
1
Not stated
0
2
Reused bottle (water/soda/energy drink bottle)
378
3
Soap dish/plate
25
4
Soap dispenser (proper dispenser)
75
Soap container cleanliness
528
0
0
Clean
351
1
Dirty (scum, residues, shared for other uses)
25
2
Moderately clean
102
3
Not stated
50
Facility cleanliness
528
0
0
Not clean
50
1
Clean
478
2
Not stated
0
Presence of drainage
528
0
0
No
403
1
Yes
125
2
Not stated
0
Soap type
528
0
0
Bar soap
75
1
Liquid soap
453
2
Soapy water
0
Station busy in the morning
528
0
0
traffic constant
352
1
busier from mid-morning toward lunch hour
176
Station busy in the afternoon
528
0
0
traffic constant
277
1
busier during lunch hour
251
Observation session
528
0
0
Morning
295
1
Afternoon
233
Crowding observed at any time during the day
528
0
0
No
277
1
Yes
251
Participant used soap during handwashing
528
0
0
317
1
211