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The Plight of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nairobi Urban Slums in the Face of HIV/AIDS

KENYA, 2007
Health and Well-Being (HaW)
African Population & Health Research Center
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Identification

IDNO
APHRC-OVC-2007-1.1
Title
The Plight of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nairobi Urban Slums in the Face of HIV/AIDS
Translated Title
ENGLISH
Country
Name Country code
KENYA KEN
Abstract
There are a range of questions that had not been unanswered regarding interventions to address the prevalence and vulnerability of OVCs in African countries including Kenya. Questions have been raised as to whether interventions should focus specifically on OVCs, or whether they should address poverty and vulnerability in general. Similarly, the choice of the type of intervention, be it cash transfers, education-enhancing measures, or health care is also very important to ensure that scarce resources are utilized in a most effective manner.

This project aimed to provide evidence to inform current and future initiatives for OVCs in poor urban areas. Data from the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) and an additional module to assess the psychosocial wellbeing of OVCs were used, a work program comprising the identification of qualifying beneficiaries and assessment of their economic welfare as well as of the targeting methods was carried out.

The specific objectives of the project were to: conduct regression analyses to explain child welfare indicators (including the psycho-social wellbeing of OVC, a research area that had been untouched) and applied a reliable and valid method of proxy means testing (PMT) to identify households for interventions based on their income or other related socio-economic status indicator.

Version

Version Notes
Version 1.1, November 2014. Anonymized with DOI and Recommended Citation added.

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
Two informal settlements, Korogocho and Viwandani, in Nairobi City (the capital city) of Kenya.
Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis is the child
Universe
The survey covered children aged 6-14 years and resident in the APHRC demographic surveillance area (DSA) were eligible for participation in the study.

Producers and sponsors

Authoring entity/Primary investigators
Agency Name Affiliation
African Population & Health Research Center APHRC
Producers
Name Affiliation
Elizabeth Kimani African Population and Health Research Center
Nyovani Madise African Population and Health Research Center
Adama Konseiga African Population and Health Research Center
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Name Role
WORLD BANK FUNDER
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
Name Role
Residents of Korogocho and Viwandani Slums Study Subjects

Sampling

Sampling Procedure
All children 6-14 years from the NUHDSS database, a total of 9,029; 1218 orphans and 7811 non-orphans have been targeted
Response Rate
There were 9,029 children aged 6-14 years, including 1,218 orphans, 7,609 non-orphans and 202 with unknown status. For the psychosocial survey a random sample of 2,402; 1,202 of these orphans and 1,202 non-orphans was selected from the NUHDSS data
Weighting
Not weighted

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date
2007-02-20 2007-04-20
Time periods (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date
2007-03-28 2007-05-14
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The field supervisors and team leaders participated in data collection in addition to the supervisory role as stipulated in the field worker's manual.

Additional tasks included quality control through spot checks of interviews and scripts, data cleaning, work assignments, follow-up cases, community liaison.

The team also consisted of editors, who were primarily invloved in the data cleaning.

The field co-ordinator, research officer and/or project managers visited the field and field teams regularly to monitor and review progress and support field operations
Type of Research Instrument
The questionnaires used were structured questionnaires named Child questionnaire and Caregiver , The questionnaires were developed in English and were translated into Kiswahili. The questionnaires included the following Sections:



CHILD: Background, Introduction, Freedon from exploitation, Behavour, Abuse, Fears, Shelter and care, Physical health, Childs attitude towards school, Anthropometric measurements.



CAREGIVER: Background, Schooling details, Health status and seeking behaviour, Food intake, Involvement in income generating activities, Household relationships



NB: All questionnaires and modules are provided as external resources

Data Processing

Cleaning Operations
Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:

a) Office editing and coding

b) During data entry

c) Structure checking and completeness

d) Secondary editing
Other Processing
Data entry was performed manually at APHRC's headquarters on desktop computers and was done using an in-house built system with a Microsoft Visual Basic and MS SQL softwares.



Data were processed the following steps:



1) Questionnaire reception

2) Office editing and coding

3) Data entry

4) Structure and completeness checking

7) Back up of raw data

8) Export to STATA 10 in 12 files

9) Recoding of variables needed for analysis

10) Structural checking of STATA 12 files

11) Data quality tabulations

12) Production of analysis tabulations

Data access

Contact
Name Affiliation Email URI
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC info@aphrc.org www.aphrc.org
Conditions
DATA ACCESS CONDITIONS

All non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research. This form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners/collaborators/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:

1. Data Ownership: The data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.

2. Purpose: The provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.

3. Respondent Identifiers: The Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.

4. Confidentiality pledge: The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.

5. Reporting of errors or inconsistencies: The user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.

6. Publications resulting from APHRC data: The Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.

7. Security: The user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.

8. Loss of privilege to use data: In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.

9. Acknowledgement: Any work/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:

“This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City.”

Additionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.

10. Deposit of Reports/Papers: The user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.

11. Change of contact details: The user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.
Citation requirement
African Population and Health Research Center, The Plight of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Nairobi Urban Slums in the Face of HIV/AIDS, October 2013. APHRC, Nairobi - Kenya. doi:11239/176-2007-003-1.1

Contacts

Contact
Name Affiliation Email URI
Head, Statistics and Survey Unit African Population & Health Research Center datarequests@aphrc.org www.aphrc.org

Metadata production

Document ID
APHRC-OVC-2007-1.1
Producers
Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
African Population & Health Research Center APHRC APHRC Documentation of the Study
Date of Production
2013-10-15
Document version
Version 1.1