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Addressing Unintended Pregnancy in Humanitarian Settings in Ethiopia, N/A

Ethiopia, 2024 - 2026
Health and Well-Being (HaW)
Yadeta Dessie
Last modified April 14, 2026 Page views 9 Documentation in PDF Metadata DDI/XML JSON

Identification

IDNO
DDI-ETH-APHRC-BAOBABUPREADY-2024-v1.0
Title
Addressing Unintended Pregnancy in Humanitarian Settings in Ethiopia, N/A
Subtitle
N/A
Country
Name Country code
Ethiopia ETH
Abstract
Humanitarian crises exposed women and girls to heightened risk of unintended pregnancy in part, due to increased risk of sexual violence as well as disruption in access to and provision of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. The burden of unintended pregnancy in refugee settings was not known with only sparse evidence available to support improved programming and reporting on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). There was also limited information about how to effectively deliver SRHR services to the most vulnerable, including women and girls. This study generated evidence for addressing unintended pregnancy in refugee settings in Ethiopia. The specific objectives were to: 1) determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancy in refugee settings in Ethiopia; 2) identify strategies for expanding access to SRH services that could mitigate unintended pregnancy using existing low-cost approaches; and 3) assess the feasibility and acceptability of the strategies identified in refugee settings.
The research involved both prospective and cross-sectional designs and was conducted in three purposively identified refugee camps in Ethiopia. Awubare camp from Jigiga- Somale, Tsore camp from Benishangul Gumuz, and Nguenyyiel camp from Gambela were purposively selected in consultation with RRS and implementing partners' guidance. The study subjects were women in the reproductive age (15–45 years) selected randomly. The research specifically involved: 1) prospective interviews with approximately 3,019 women of reproductive age (15–45 years) in sampled refugee households; 2) cross-sectional focus group discussions with between 36–72 women aged 15–45 years; and 3) cross-sectional key informant interviews with approximately 12 representatives of implementing partners and community health workers.
The evidence generated helped the host government, humanitarian partners, and donors to seek long-term and innovative solutions to bring about change in the SRHR and lives of refugee women and girls.

Version

Version Date
2026-02-02
Version Notes
N/A

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
refugee camps in Ethiopia
Unit of Analysis
The level of unintended pregnancy in refugee settings in Ethiopian women in the reproductive age(15-45 years)
Universe
The study targeted women of reproductive age living in the sampled refugee camps in Ethiopia

Producers and sponsors

Authoring entity/Primary investigators
Agency Name Affiliation
Yadeta Dessie African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC)
Producers
Name Affiliation Role
Yohannes Wado African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) Co-Investigator
Francis Obare Population Council Co-Investigator
Bonnie Wandera African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) Co-Investigator
Dagim Fisseha Habteyesus Population Council Co-Investigator
Caroline Kabiru African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) Co-Investigator
George Odwe Population Council Co-Investigator
Stella Muthuri Population Council Co-Investigator
Chi chi Undie Population Council Co-Investigator
Gloria Seruwagi Population Council Co-Investigator
Peter Kisakye Population Council Co-Investigator
Hellen Akinyi African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) Data Documentarist, Statistician
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Name Abbreviation Role
The Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) Funder
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
Name
Ethiopian Refugees and Returnees Services (RRS)
Ethiopian camp community leaders

Sampling

Sampling Procedure
A two-stage process was used to identify and recruit females aged 15–45 years for the individual interview. The first stage entailed a random sample of households within each refugee camp selected. To ensure representation of households across each camp, the sampling was stratified by clusters/zones/wards (as defined by RRS/UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies working in a particular camp). The number of households sampled from each cluster/zone/ward within a camp was proportional to the population size in the cluster/zone/ward.

The second stage entailed a random sample of females aged 15–45 years within each sampled household for individual interview. Upon an interviewer entering a randomly selected household, they identified the head of household, or the person representing the head of household, to introduce the study and complete a household listing and participant enrolment form (Annex 5) to list household members and identify an eligible female to participate in the study. In cases where the head of household was a female aged 15–45 years, she was included in the household listing and could be selected as the participant. When there was more than one eligible female participant in the household, the programming (ODK Collect) platform was used by interviewers to randomly select one using the Kish Method (Kish 1949). After selecting an eligible participant, the interviewer first asked for permission from the head of household to speak to the eligible female. For participants aged 15–17 years, only those who were emancipated minors (those who had assumed adult responsibilities, including marriage or procreation) were targeted for inclusion in the research.
Deviations from the Sample Design
N/A
Response Rate
The baseline response was 2768 participants, this excluded those who were unwilling to partcipate, bring our response rate to 86.85%. For the endline survey, the total sampled was 2768, with responses from 1933 respondent willing to participate, the response rate was 88.51%
Weighting
N/A

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date Cycle
2024-12-06 2024-03-24 Baseline
2026-02-12 2026-03-22 Endline
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The Baobab team coordinated and oversaw the baseline and endline surveys on unintended pregnancy. A co–principal investigator and a co-investigator based in Ethiopia closely monitored daily data collection activities. Site coordinators stationed within each camp managed field operations, while enumerators were organized into teams led by team leaders, each supervising three research assistants. In total, 34 data collectors, 10 team leaders, and three site coordinators were involved across four refugee camps. Interviewers worked in close collaboration with their team leaders, study coordinators, Baobab RPC, Population Council Ethiopia technical staff, and other project partners.
Type of Research Instrument
The questionnaire was written in english and interpretted into different languages used acrossed the refugee camp with sections targeting women's reproductive history to identify women's fertility intentions and their parity status.

Data Processing

Cleaning Operations
Interviews for all surveys was conducted face-to-face, using Open Data Kit (ODK) software on Android smartphones. Completed ODK forms were submitted to a secure cloud server using Wi-Fi or mobile data networks accessible only to the study team. The data was later uploaded to Stata to be cleaned and analyzed.
Other Processing
N/A

Data Appraisal

Estimates of Sampling Error
N/A

Data access

Contact
Name Affiliation Email
African Population and Heath Research Center APHRC datarequest@aphrc.org
Conditions
All non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research. This form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners/collaborators/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:

1. Data Ownership: The data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.

2. Purpose: The provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.

3. Respondent Identifiers: The Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST be anonymized by removing the respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.

4. Confidentiality pledge: The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.

5. Reporting of errors or inconsistencies: The user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.

6. Publications resulting from APHRC data: The Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.

7. Security: The user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people do not have access to the data.

8. Loss of privilege to use data: In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or inform publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.

9. Acknowledgement: Any work/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the acknowledgement for our data is:

"This research utilizes data collected through the "Filling Gaps in Evidence to Enhance Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Among Vulnerable Populations in the East and Horn of Africa (Baobab)" program. The Baobab Research Program Consortium was funded by the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) and implemented by the Population Council Inc., Population Council Kenya, and the African Population and Health Research Center.
We gratefully acknowledge all study participants, health workers, health facility leadership, refugee settlement commandants, and field research assistants for their dedication in supporting and facilitating the data collection process. We also extend our gratitude to the UNHCR Regional Bureau for the East, Horn of Africa, and Great Lakes Region, UNHCR Uganda and its implementing partners, and the Government of Uganda through the Department of Refugees in the Office of the Prime Minister, as well as the Reproductive and Infant Health Department, Ministry of Health, for their invaluable technical support."

10. Deposit of Reports/Papers: The user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.

11. Change of contact details: The user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.
Citation requirement
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download

Metadata production

Document ID
DDI-ETH-APHRC-BAOBABUPREADY-2024-v1.0
Producers
Name Abbreviation Role
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC Documentation of the DDI
Date of Production
2026-02-02
Document version
Version 1.0(FEBRUARY 2026)