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Partnership for a Healthy Nairobi

KENYA, 2008
Health and Well-Being (HaW)
African Population & Health Research Center
Last modified November 25, 2014 Page views 1878193 Documentation in PDF Metadata DDI/XML JSON

Identification

IDNO
APHRC-PHN-2006-1.1
Title
Partnership for a Healthy Nairobi
Translated Title
ENGLISH
Country
Name Country code
KENYA KEN
Abstract
Rapid urbanization amidst stagnating economies and poor governance have created a new face of abject poverty concentrated in overcrowded informal settlements, commonly called slums, in Africa's major cities. UN-HABITAT estimates that about 72% of urban residents in sub-Saharan Africa live in slums. Residents therein are often more unhealthy than their rural counterparts because they are deprived of basic public social services such as health care, water supply, sanitation and garbage disposal. Slum dwellers, exhibit relatively high mortality rates because they are less likely to access preventative and curative medical care despite their proximity to the best hospitals and clinics located in cities. The UN projects that more Africans will live in urban than rural areas by 2016 and that over 300 million urban Africans will live in slums by 2020. Evidently, poor health outcomes among slum residents will increasingly shape national indicators and frustrate overall progress in attaining the Millennium Development Goals. Slum dwellers have unique vulnerabilities. The absence of public health services in slums has resulted in a vibrant private health sector that offers cheap, but ineffective and sometimes dangerous treatments and procedures. The private sector is poorly organized and poorly regulated. Most private providers are under (or un)-qualified, operate in one-room structures, and lack basic equipment and supplies.

Moreover, most healthcare programs, which are mostly based on the rural public health sector, may not be readily transferable to urban slums. The delivery of primary health care (PHC) to slum residents has therefore failed because of government absence and lack of lessons on how best to utilize existing resources in the private sector. The African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Population Council (PopCouncil), AMREF-Kenya and JHPIEGO - an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University offered the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation's African Health Initiative this Letter of Interest. Under the name Partnership for a Healthy Nairobi (PHN), the team focused on overcoming obstacles that limit the capacity of both public and private health systems to deliver integrated primary health care (PHC) to residents in three slum settlements of Nairobi - Korogocho, Viwandani and Kibera. These settlements house at least 650,000 people in an area of only four square kilometers.

The objectives were:

i) To demonstrate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of forging public-private partnerships to deliver integrated PHC in slum settings;

ii) To test the feasibility of implementing the Community Based Kenya Essential Package for Health (CB-KEPH) in a slum setting and its impact on health outcomes ;

iii) To evaluate the impact of integrated PHC on morbidity and mortality in slum settings.

Version

Version Notes
Version 1.1, November 2014. Anonymized with DOI and Recommended Citation added.

Scope

Keywords
Keyword
Partnership
Health
Nairobi

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
Three informal settlements, Korogocho, Viwandani and Kibera, in Nairobi City (the capital city) of Kenya.
Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis for various sections included:

Civil society organizations

Health Facilities and

Individual midwives
Universe
Midwives

Health Facilities

Civil Society Organizations

Producers and sponsors

Authoring entity/Primary investigators
Agency Name Affiliation
African Population & Health Research Center APHRC
Producers
Name Affiliation Role
Dr Catherine Kyobutungi APHRC Principal Investigator
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Name Role
Dorris Duke Funder
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
Name Role
Institutions in Korogocho, Viwandani and Kibera Slums Study participants
Government of Kenya Partner

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date
2008-11-30 2008-12-22
Time periods (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date
2009-01-07 2009-01-20
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Throughout field work, the Research Officer and Research Assistant did spot-checks and sit-in interviews to ensure that the field staff were handling the questionnaires, consents and referral services appropriately. Weekly meetings were also held at the site offices with the field staff to ensure that issues arising from fieldwork and the questionnaire were adequately handled within the shortest time possible.
Type of Research Instrument
A total of six tools were administered. These include:

1. The Civil Society Organisation Assessment

2. Drug Store Assessment

3. Health Facilities Checklist

4. Health Facilities Assessment Tool

5. Community Midwifery Tool

6. Staff Training Tool

Data Processing

Cleaning Operations
Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:

a) Office editing and coding

b) During data entry

c) Structure checking and completeness

d) Secondary editing



Detailed documentation of the editing of data can be found in the "Standard Procedures Manual" document provided as an external resource.



Some corrections are made automatically by the program (80%) and the rest by visual control of the questionnaire (20%).
Other Processing
Data entry was performed manually at APHRC's headquarters on desktop computers and was done using an in-house built system with a Microsoft Access Program.



Data were processed the following steps:



1) Questionnaire reception

2) Office editing and coding

3) Data entry

4) Structure and completeness checking

7) Back up of raw data

8) Export to STATA 10 in 12 files

9) Recoding of variables needed for analysis

10) Structural checking of STATA 12 files

11) Data quality tabulations

12) Production of analysis tabulations

Data access

Contact
Name Affiliation Email URI
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC info@aphrc.org www.aphrc.org
Conditions
All non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research. This form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners/collaborators/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:

1. Data Ownership: The data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.

2. Purpose: The provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.

3. Respondent Identifiers: The Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.

4. Confidentiality pledge: The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.

5. Reporting of errors or inconsistencies: The user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.

6. Publications resulting from APHRC data: The Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.

7. Security: The user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.

8. Loss of privilege to use data: In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.

9. Acknowledgement: Any work/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:

“This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City.”

Additionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.

10. Deposit of Reports/Papers: The user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.

11. Change of contact details: The user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.
Citation requirement
African Population and Health Research Center, Partnership for a Healthy Nairobi, November 2013. APHRC, Nairobi - Kenya. doi:11239/176-2008-008-1.1

Contacts

Contact
Name Affiliation Email URI
Head, Statistics and Surveys Unit African Population & Health Research Center datarequests@aphrc.org www.aphrc.org

Metadata production

Document ID
APHRC-PHN-2006-1.1
Producers
Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC APHRC Metadata Producer
Date of Production
2013-11-12
Document version
Version 1.1