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Assessing the linkages between socioeconomic status, perceived personal risk, and risk factors for cardiovascular and related non-communicable diseases in a population of slum dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya

KENYA, 2008 - 2009
Health and Well-Being (HaW)
African Population and Health Research Center
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Identification

IDNO
APHRC-CVD-2011-1.2
Title
Assessing the linkages between socioeconomic status, perceived personal risk, and risk factors for cardiovascular and related non-communicable diseases in a population of slum dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya
Translated Title
ENGLISH
Country
Name Country code
KENYA KEN
Abstract
Prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) is increasing in sub Saharan Africa (SSA). With rapid urbanisation and poor economic performance new challenges emerge for NCD prevention in the region. This project aimed to contribute to knowledge on the epidemiology of NCD in SSA by exploring the linkages between factors in the socioeconomic and socio-cultural environments, perceived risk for getting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and health-related behaviour among slum dwellers. Specifically it aimed to estimate the levels and determinants of perceived risk for CVD, prevalence of risk factors for CVD and to describe the relationship between perceived risk and health related behaviour. Understanding these context-specific factors informed the design of prevention programs. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. A random sample of 5000 adults in the Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System area were interviewed.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]

Version

Version Notes
Version 1.2, November 2014. Anonymized with DOI and Recommended Citation added.

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
Two informal settlements, Korogocho and Viwandani, in Nairobi City (the capital city) of Kenya.
Unit of Analysis
Individuals
Universe
The survey covered persons recruited in the NUHDSS and aged 18 and above years.

Producers and sponsors

Authoring entity/Primary investigators
Agency Name Affiliation
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC
Producers
Name Affiliation Role
Catherine Kyobutungi, PhD APHRC Investigator
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Name Abbreviation Role
Welcome Trust WT Funder
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
Name Role
Population of Korogocho and Viwandani Slums Study subjects

Sampling

Sampling Procedure
The sampling frame for the quantitative cross sectional survey were the NUHDSS database, from which a list of all adults aged 18+ years has been generated. A stratified random sample of individuals were selected according to slum of residence, gender and age group to constitute 20 strata each with 250 respondents. The target sample is around 5000 respondents.



Inclusion criteria

Participants who: are aged 18 years and above, give informed consent to participate and are not physically or mentally incapacitated, will be included in the study.
Response Rate
5190 interview and targeted 7247 (Response rate=72%)
Weighting
Data has been weighted

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date
2008-01-14 2009-10-02
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Team leaders monitored progress in the field and quality control measures were also implemented by them.
Type of Research Instrument
- The questionnaire on Aging and Cardio Vascular disease risk factors and risk perception covers Demographics, care and support, links with place of origin, work history and benefits, chronic conditions and health care utilization health state descriptions, social cultural environment, body image assessment, risk factors and preventive behaviour, perceived personal risk, anthropometrics and biomakers, validation study, further follow up for data collection and referral.

- The questionnaire on Cardio vascular disease risk factors and risk perception for collateral respondents on alcohol consumption: validation of alcohol consumption.

Both questionnaires were administered in Kiswahili to adults aged 18 years and above

Data Processing

Cleaning Operations
Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:

a) Office editing and coding

b) During data entry

c) Structure checking and completeness

d) Secondary editing
Other Processing
Data entry was performed manually at APHRC's headquarters on desktop computers and was done using an in-house built system with a Microsoft Visual Basic and MS SQL softwares.



Data were processed the following steps:



1) Questionnaire reception

2) Office editing and coding

3) Data entry

4) Structure and completeness checking

7) Back up of raw data

8) Export to STATA 10 in files

9) Recoding of variables needed for analysis

10) Structural checking of STATA files

11) Data quality tabulations

12) Production of analysis tabulations

Data access

Contact
Name Affiliation Email URI
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC info@aphrc.org www.aphrc.org
Conditions
DATA ACCESS CONDITIONS

All non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research. This form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners/collaborators/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:

1. Data Ownership: The data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.

2. Purpose: The provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.

3. Respondent Identifiers: The Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.

4. Confidentiality pledge: The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.

5. Reporting of errors or inconsistencies: The user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.

6. Publications resulting from APHRC data: The Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.

7. Security: The user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.

8. Loss of privilege to use data: In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.

9. Acknowledgement: Any work/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:

“This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City.”

Additionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.

10. Deposit of Reports/Papers: The user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.

11. Change of contact details: The user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.
Citation requirement
African Population and Health Research Center, Assessing the linkages between socioeconomic status, perceived personal risk, and risk factors for cardiovascular and related non-communicable diseases in a population of slum dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya, June 2013. APHRC, Nairobi - Kenya. doi:11239/176-2008-009-1.2

Contacts

Contact
Name Affiliation Email
Head, Statistics and Surveys Unit APHRC datarequests@aphrc.org

Metadata production

Document ID
APHRC-CVD-2011-1.2
Producers
Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
African Population and Health research Center APHRC APHRC Metadata Producer
Date of Production
2013-06-30
Document version
Version 1.2