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UPHD - Migration and Employment History for Pre-Selected Individuals Aged 12 and plus

KENYA, 2006 - 2010
Population Dynamics and Urbanization in Africa (PDAU)
African Population & Health Research Center
Last modified November 24, 2014 Page views 235518 Documentation in PDF Metadata DDI/XML JSON

Identification

IDNO
APHRC-UPHD-MIGRATIONS-2006-1.4
Title
UPHD - Migration and Employment History for Pre-Selected Individuals Aged 12 and plus
Translated Title
ENGLISH
Country
Name Country code
KENYA KEN
Abstract
The Migration and Employment History Survey was part of the 5 themes of the Urbanization, Poverty and Health Dynamics I (UPHD I) Project in Sub-Saharan Africa. The UPHD I project was designed and implemented by APHRC. The Migration and Employment History Survey was designed to investigate patterns and reasons for migration among residents in Nairobi's informal settlements, the linkages between migration, livelihood conditions, and health status.



This theme investigated patterns and reasons for migration, the linkages between migration, livelihood conditions, and health status among pre-selected individuals aged 12+ from 2006 to 2010 in Nairobi's informal settlements.



The specific objectives were to:



1.1 Determine the characteristics of in- and out-migrants, their migration histories, reasons for migrating, and nature of links with origin communities;

1.2 Investigate how changing poverty and health circumstances influence and are influenced by intra-urban and urban-rural migrations;

1.3 Assess the motivations for migration (e.g. health-related reasons) and how this has an influence on estimates of mortality and fertility levels in informal settlements;

1.4 Validate the relevance of various measures of poverty in informal urban settlements.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]

Version

Version Date
2011-07-28
Version Notes
v1.0: Edited, anonymous dataset for Data Documentation Working Group

v1.1: Edited, anonymous dataset for Researcher Review

v1.2: Edited, anonymous dataset incorporating the Researchers' Comments and changing variable names to the corresponding question number

v1.3: Edited, anonymous dataset with data-sharing links moved from Technical Documents to Access Policy



Version 1.4, November 2014. Anonymized with DOI and Recommended Citation added.

Scope

Keywords
Keyword
MIGRATION

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
Two informal settlements, Korogocho and Viwandani, in Nairobi City (the capital city) of Kenya.
Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis is the individual
Universe
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 12 and above in the household

Producers and sponsors

Authoring entity/Primary investigators
Agency Name Affiliation
African Population & Health Research Center APHRC
Producers
Name Role
Eliya Zulu, PhD Principal Investigator
Nyovani Madise, PhD Co-Investigator
Alex Ezeh, PhD Co-Investigator
John Cleland, PhD Co-Investigator
Jane Falkingham, PhD Co-Investigator
Jean-Christophe Fotso, PhD Co-Investigator
Zewdu Woubalem, PhD Co-Investigator
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Name Role
Wellcome Trust Funder
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
Name Affiliation Role
Residents of Korogocho and Viwandani Slums Korogocho and Viwandani Study Subjects

Sampling

Sampling Procedure
Information were collected from a random panel sample of close to 8,200 households from the two sites (5,200 in Viwandani and 3,000 in Korogocho). These households would yield about 6400 and 9000 people aged at least 12 years in Korogocho and Viwandani, respectively.
Weighting
Sample weights were not used.

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date
2006-09-15 2010-05-23
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Interviewing teams in the two sites of study comprised of:

- Korogocho: 1 field supervisor, 2 editting team leaders, 1 data quality control team leader, 2 data quality control officers, 12 interviewers

- Viwandani: 1 field supervisor, 2 editting team leaders, 1 data quality control team leader, 3 data quality control officers, 17 interviewers



The roles of the various members of the interviewing teams were:

- Interviewer: Conducting face-to-face paper-based interviews in assigned zone within the study site

- Data Quality Control Officer: Performing random spot-checks on 10% of the questionnaires and reporting inconsistencies to the Data Quality Control Team Leader for harmonization

- Data Quality Control Team Leader: Harmonizing inconsistencies within questionnaires and performing a random spot-check on 10% of the 10% questionnaires that have already undergone spot-checking

- Editting Team Leader: Editting 100% of questionnaires from randomly selected field workers and documenting issues emerging during data collection

- Field supervisor: Responsible for overseeing general operations, resolving issues that cannot be harmonized by data quality control and ensuring that field work progressed on schedule. They also

conducted sit-in interviews along with Data Quality Control Team Leader



The Field Co-ordinator, Research Officer and/or Project Managers visited the field and field teams regularly to monitor and review progress and support field operations.
Type of Research Instrument
The questionnaire used was one structured questionnaire, Migration and Employment History Form. It includes: Background characteristics, Respondents' characteristics, Migration and Livelihood Calendar, Timing of current and 1st migration to Nairobi, and Individual Income-Generating Activities.



All questionnaires are provided as external resources.
Data Collectors
Name Abbreviation
African Population & Health Research Center APHRC

Data Processing

Cleaning Operations
Data editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:

a) Office editing and coding

b) During data entry

c) Structure checking and completeness

d) Secondary editing

e) Structural checking of STATA data files

Detailed documentation of the editing of data can be found in the "Standard Procedures Manual" document provided as an external resource.



Some corrections are made automatically by the program (80%) and the rest by visual control of the questionnaire (20%).



Where changes are made by the program, a cold deck imputation is preferred; where incorrect values are imputed using existing data from another dataset. If cold deck is found to be insufficient, hot deck imputation is used. In this case, a missing value is imputed from a randomly selected similar record in the same dataset.
Other Processing
Data entry was performed manually at APHRC's headquarters on desktop computers and was done using an in-house built system with a Visual Basic.Net front-end and a Microsoft SQL Server back-end. Double data entry was carried out on 10% of the questionnaires.



Data were processed in clusters, with each cluster being processed as a complete unit through each stage of data processing. Each cluster goes through the following steps:

1) Questionnaire reception

2) Office editing and coding

3) Data entry

4) Structure and completeness checking

5) Verification entry

6) Comparison of verification data

7) Back up of raw data

8) Secondary editing

9) Edited data back up



After all clusters are processed, all data is concatenated together and then the following steps are completed for all data files:

10) Export to STATA 10 in 2 files (migration & employment history, migration & employment calendar)

11) Recoding of variables needed for analysis

13) Structural checking of STATA 10 files

14) Data quality tabulations

15) Production of analysis tabulations



Details of each of these steps can be found in the Standard Procedures Manual.

Data Appraisal

Estimates of Sampling Error
No estimation of sampling error was done.
Data Appraisal
This is accomplished in the following ways:

- Comparison of our indicators to other indicators, e.g. DHS

- Comparing trends from one survey year to the next

Data access

Contact
Name Affiliation Email URI
African Population & Health Research Center APHRC info@aphrc.org www.aphrc.org
Confidentiality Declaration
The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households. This statement does not replace a more comprehensive data agreement (see External Resources)
Conditions
All non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research. This form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners/collaborators/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:

1. Data Ownership: The data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.

2. Purpose: The provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.

3. Respondent Identifiers: The Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.

4. Confidentiality pledge: The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.

5. Reporting of errors or inconsistencies: The user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.

6. Publications resulting from APHRC data: The Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.

7. Security: The user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.

8. Loss of privilege to use data: In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.

9. Acknowledgement: Any work/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:

“This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City.”

Additionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.

10. Deposit of Reports/Papers: The user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.

11. Change of contact details: The user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.
Citation requirement
African Population and Health Research Center, Urbanization, Poverty and Health Dynamics - Migration and Employment History Survey, July 2011. APHRC, Nairobi - Kenya. doi:11239/176-2006-011-1.4

Contacts

Contact
Name Affiliation Email URI
Director of Research African Population & Health Research Center datarequests@aphrc.org www.aphrc.org

Metadata production

Document ID
APHRC-UPHD-MIGRATIONS-2006-1.4
Producers
Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
African Population & Health Research Center APHRC APHRC Metadata Producer
Date of Production
2011-07-28
Document version
Version 1.4