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Indicator Development Surveillance for Urban Emergencies

KENYA, 2011 - 2013
Health and Well-Being (HaW)
African Population and Health Research Center
Last modified November 19, 2014 Page views 185984 Documentation in PDF Metadata DDI/XML JSON

Identification

IDNO
APHRC-IDSUE-2013-1.2
Title
Indicator Development Surveillance for Urban Emergencies
Translated Title
ENGLISH
Country
Name Country code
KENYA KEN
Abstract
The indicator Development for Surveillance of Urban Emergencies (IDSUE) was a five year project funded by the USAID (Office of U.S Foreign Disaster Assistance-OFDA) and implemented by Concern Worldwide in partnership with African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC). The project's aim was to develop and empirically test a set of emergency indicators for an urban slum environment. The project was to empirically define indicators of urban emergencies suitable for triggering a humanitarian response. This work was to feed into a larger movement in Kenya to identify such indicators as well as fill a critical knowledge and information gap that currently prevents humanitarian actors from effectively and equitably responding to the emergency needs of Kenya's urban poor.

Version

Version Notes
Version 1.2, 2014: Rounds 1 to 4 documented, Anonymized, DOI and Recommended Citation added.

Scope

Keywords
Keyword
Food security
Livelihood
Coping strategy

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
The study was conducted in Nairobi county (Korogocho, Viwandani, Dandora, Jericho, Mukuru) and Kisumu (Obunga, Nyalenda). The study sites were visited differently over the entire 7 rounds: Korogocho and Viwandani for all 7 rounds, Mukuru for round 4 to 7, Obunga and Nyalenda for rounds 5 to 7, Dandora for rounds 4 and 5, and Jericho for round 5
Unit of Analysis
Basic unit of analysis or observation that the study describes is a household.
Universe
The target study population was residents of the seven communities (Korogocho, Viwandani, Mukuru, Dandora, Nyalenda, Obungo and Jericho) and the sampling unit was a household.

Producers and sponsors

Authoring entity/Primary investigators
Agency Name Affiliation
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC
Producers
Name Affiliation Role
Elizabeth Kimani APHRC Principale Investigator
Lilly Schofield Concern Worldwide
Remare Ettarh APHRC
James Kimani APHRC
Shukri Mohamed APHRC
Fredrick Wekesa APHRC
Thaddaeus Egondi APHRC
Nelson Gichuhi APHRC
Catherine Kyobutungi APHRC
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Name Abbreviation Role
USAID Office of U.S Foreign Disaster Assistance OFDA Funder

Sampling

Sampling Procedure
Efforts were made by the study team to ensure that all populations in the selected settings were well represented in the study through the sampling methodology used. Selections of households in the seven communities followed the following procedure.

1. The sample size of 400 households was targeted for each slum to be selected across all the villages included in the survey.

2. The selection of households involved use of a modified cluster sampling using segmentation of villages due to the absence of household or enumeration area listings.

3. Each slum was divided into villages for which approximate boundaries have been mapped. Each village was subdivided into sampling segments for the purpose of household selection and to ensure spatial representativeness in the selection.

4. The number of segments in each village was based on the estimated number of households in the village. On average about 10 households were selected from each segment.

5. The segments were treated as geographic strata to ensure that sample is taken from the whole slum area. Within each segment, smaller sub-segments were delineated by teams on the ground. These sub-segments were approximately 150-200 households in size.

6. After sub-segments are defined they will be assigned a number and a random sample of sub-segments was taken from each segment (most segments had 4 sub-segments being selected).

7. In each selected sub-segment the field worker created a full household listing by moving systematically through the sub-segment and listing the households in each dwelling structure.

8. The fieldworker then randomly selected 3 households from the sub-segment household list for interview.
Deviations from the Sample Design
None
Response Rate
A total of 13,048 household visits were made over the 7 rounds of data collection in all the study sites (Viwandani-3673, Korogocho-3691, Dandora-828, Mukuru-2076, Jericho-313, Obunga-1096 and Nyalenda-1372).
Weighting
No weighting

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date Cycle
2011-03-01 2011-04-30 Round One
2011-07-01 2011-08-31 Round Two
2011-12-01 2012-01-31 Round Three
2012-04-01 2012-05-30 Round Four
2012-08-01 2012-09-30 Round Five
2013-03-01 2013-03-31 Round Six
2013-04-01 2013-04-30 Round Seven
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
There were approximately 70 field workers selected in the rounds of data collection for the seven data collection sites. Each site had two team leader and approximately 8-12 field workers. The fieldworkers collected and recorded the survey information on their netbooks or the mobile data collection systems while the team leaders planned the survey collection logistics, managed the data collection, organized the selection of the households, observed interviews, and checked the data for quality.

Completed quantitative interviews were reviewed by the field worker and sent electronically to the supervisor each day for quality checks. The data was then synchronized to the main database on a daily basis for back up. Overall data collation was done by the project Data analyst.
Type of Research Instrument
The household questionnaire was administered in Kiswahili for each selected household to credible respondent (mainly household head). Data were collected using electronically programmed questionnaires in netbooks and android phones. The questionnaire included sections on Household living arrangements, Source of drinking water, Hygiene & sanitation domain, Food security domain, Food consumption and expenditure, Health and health seeking behavior, Interpersonal relationships, Personal and property security domain, Non-food consumption & expenditure, Household livelihoods and coping strategies.

Data Processing

Cleaning Operations
Data analyst was in charge of harmonizing data structure from both Netbooks and mobile phone system. The processing included harmonizing variables name, labels and codes. The editing also included generating common indicators.
Other Processing
Data were collected electronically using netbooks and android phones during the interviews.

Data access

Conditions
All non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research. This form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners/collaborators/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained (as outlined on this form) and to abide by the conditions outlined below:

1. Data Ownership: The data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.

2. Purpose: The provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.

3. Respondent Identifiers: The Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.

4. Confidentiality pledge: The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.

5. Reporting of errors or inconsistencies: The user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.

6. Publications resulting from APHRC data: The Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.

7. Security: The user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.

8. Loss of privilege to use data: In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.

9. Acknowledgement: Any work/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:

"This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City."

Additionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.

10. Deposit of Reports/Papers: The user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.

11. Change of contact details: The user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.
Citation requirement
African Population and Health Research Center, Indicator Development Surveillance for Urban Emergencies, December 2013. APHRC, Nairobi. doi:11239/176-2011-023-1.2

Contacts

Contact
Name Affiliation Email
Head of Statistics and Surveys Unit APHRC datarequests@aphrc.org

Metadata production

Document ID
APHRC-IDSUE-2013-1.2
Producers
Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC APHRC Metadata Producer
Date of Production
2013-12-16
Document version
Version 1.2