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High-Stakes Testing and its influence on Classroom Instructional Practices: A Sub-Saharan Africa Perspective, N/A

KENYA, 2023
Health and Well-Being (HaW)
Human Development (HD)
Moses Ngware
Last modified September 20, 2024 Page views 739 Documentation in PDF Metadata DDI/XML JSON

Identification

IDNO
DDI-KEN-APHRC-TEACHINGANDASSESSMENT-2023-V10
Title
High-Stakes Testing and its influence on Classroom Instructional Practices: A Sub-Saharan Africa Perspective, N/A
Subtitle
N/A
Country
Name Country code
KENYA KEN
Abstract
Background: Tests are known to influence instructional practices in the classroom. However, most literature on this phenomenon is from the Global North, with gaps in knowledge from the Global South.
Objectives: The broad objective of this study is to generate evidence that improves our understanding of the influence of assessments on teachers' teaching behavior inside the classroom with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa.
Methods: The study will collect data from primary school teachers in Kenya through exploratory surveys to examine their perceptions of the influence of assessment and assessment data on their teaching decisions. The study design will be an exploratory survey. The sample will consist of 200 primary school teachers. Data collection methods will include a structured interview using closed-ended questions to collect quantitative data. These data will be analyzed using statistical techniques that employ small sample sizes to explore relationships/correlations. Nonparametric tests will also be used to examine the possible non-normal distributions likely to be encountered with the small sample size.
Results: The study findings are likely to inform policy and practice on testing as it relates to classroom instructional practice in Kenya and other jurisdictions that are adopting new educational approaches in sub-Saharan Africa. Such evidence is useful in designing teacher professional development programs that use students' learning outcomes to inform classroom instructional strategies.

Version

Version Date
2024-04-04

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
Approximately 50 public primary schools will be targeted for this study (inclusive of possible non-response): 20 from Nairobi, 15 from Kajiado and 15 from Embu.
Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis was teacher
Universe
Approximately 50 public primary schools will be targeted for this study (inclusive of possible non-response): 20 from Nairobi, 15 from Kajiado and 15 from Embu.

Producers and sponsors

Authoring entity/Primary investigators
Agency Name Affiliation
Moses Ngware APHRC
Producers
Name Affiliation Role
Amani Karisa APHRC Co-Investigator
Jack Rossiter CGD Co-Investigator
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Name Abbreviation
Center for Global Development CGD
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
Name Affiliation Role
Mambe Shem African Population and Health Research Center Data documentist

Sampling

Sampling Procedure
the study population will be all primary school teachers who are teaching English and Mathematics in Nairobi, Kajiado, and Embu counties in Kenya. The following inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used to select the sample of teachers.
Inclusion criteria
· Primary school teachers teaching in public schools in Nairobi, Kajiado, and Embu counties in Kenya.
· Primary school teachers teaching English and Mathematics.
· Primary school teachers teaching grades 5, 6, and 8.
· Male and female primary school teachers (to include different gender perspectives).

Exclusion criteria
· Primary school teachers who have a known history of cognitive or mental impairment that could affect their ability to provide accurate responses.
· Primary school teachers who are currently on leave or are expected to be absent during the data collection period.
Primary school teachers who are not currently employed as full-time primary school teachers (they may not have the same level of experience and exposure to the current teaching practices and assessments as full-time teachers).

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date
2023-08-07 2023-08-30
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Each of the 3 study sites had a field supervisor in charge of logistics, ensuring quality checks, and reporting back to the research team at APHRC. Furthermore, 2 of the project research team members at APHRC were in charge of the overall data collection. They provided technical support and overall oversight of data collection and backstopping while in the field. The team leads also held weekly briefing sessions with the APHRC research team to share the progress of data collection and any challenges from the field
To ensure high-quality data collection, the research team accompanied the teams in the field during data collection.
The data analyst run the data daily to check on completeness, correctness and consistency on 100% of the collected data. A discrepancy report were then generated to enable resolution of any inconsistencies or errors in the data with the responsible interviewer.
Type of Research Instrument
Teacher questionnaire which was used to collect data on teacher perception on tests and how they affect their delivery in the classroom.

Data Processing

Cleaning Operations
Data quality monitoring processes and checks were implemented throughout the data collection process, during the time of developing the data collection tools (through built-in quality control in the tablet-based platform), during training of fieldworkers using mock interviews and inter rater reliability tests (IRR), in real time during data collection (routine monitoring by the research team and periodic cross-checks against the protocols), and during the data cleaning process. During fieldwork, data quality was enhanced through regular spot checks and sit-ins by supervisors to verify the authenticity of data collected. Data were then reviewed and certified by the field coordinator before they were transferred to the server.

The quantitative data were collected using SurveyCTO, a survey platform for electronic data collection that has in-built skips and quality checks. Using this software increased efficiency and reduced the time needed for cleaning the data. In addition, the platform supported offline data capturing for regions with slow or no internet connectivity and data transmission when the internet became available. Fieldwork was conducted by trained fieldworkers using digital tablets with the questionnaire loaded in SurveyCTO. Data was uploaded from the tablets onto a secure African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) server after each day of data collection. Data were synchronized automatically to a server when the tablet was in a location with network coverage. The uploaded data were then checked for quality daily by a data manager and a team dedicated to coordinate field procedures and at the APHRC head office in Nairobi.

Data Appraisal

Estimates of Sampling Error
N/A

Data access

Contact
Name Email URI
African Population and Health Research Center datarequests@aphrc.org/info@aphrc.org aphrc.org
Conditions
APHRC data access condition

All non-APHRC staff seeking to use data generated at the Center must obtain written approval to use the data from the Director of Research.
This form is developed to assess applications for data use and facilitate responsible sharing of data with external partners/collaborators/researchers. By entering into this agreement, the undersigned agrees to use these data only for the purpose for which they were obtained and to abide by the conditions outlined below:

1.Data Ownership:
The data remain the property of APHRC; any unauthorized reproduction and sharing of the data is strictly prohibited. The user will, therefore, not release nor permit others to use or release the data to any other person without the written authorization from the Center.

2.Purpose:
The provided data must be used for the purpose specified in the Data Request Form; any other use not specified in the form must receive additional or separate authorization.

3.Respondent Identifiers:
The Center is committed to protecting the identity of the respondents who provide information in its research. All analytical data sets (both qualitative and quantitative) released by the Data Unit MUST are stripped of respondent identifiers to protect the identity of the respondents. By accepting to use APHRC data, the user is pledging that he/she will not, under any circumstance, regenerate the identifiers or permit others to use the data to learn the identity of any individual, household or community included in any data set.

4.Confidentiality pledge:
The user will not use nor permit others to use the data to report any information in the data sets that could identify, directly or by inference, individuals or households.

5.Reporting of errors or inconsistencies:
The user will promptly notify the Head of the Statistics and Survey Unit any errors discovered in the data as soon as the errors are discovered.

6.Publications resulting from APHRC data:
The Center requires external collaborators to work with APHRC staff on all publications resulting from its data. In order to facilitate this, lead authors should send a detailed concept note of the paper (including the background, rationale, data, analytical methods, and preliminary findings) to the Principle Investigator (or Theme Leader) for the project (with a copy to the Director of Research), who will circulate the abstract to concerned researchers for possible expression of interest in participating in the publication as co-authors. Any exception to the involvement of APHRC staff should be approved by the Director of Research, APHRC.

7.Security:
The user will take responsibility for the security of the data by ensuring that the data are used and stored in a secure environment where access is password protected. This will ensure that non-authorized people should not have access to the data.

8.Loss of privilege to use data:
In the event that APHRC determines that the data user is in violation of the conditions for using the data, or if the user wishes to cancel this agreement, the user will destroy the data files provided to him/her. APHRC retains the right to revoke this agreement or informs publishers to withhold publication of any work based wholly or in part on its data if the conditions for using the data are violated.

9.Acknowledgement:
Any work/reports from this data must acknowledge APHRC as the source of these data. For example, the suggested acknowledgement for NUHDSS data is:
"This research uses livelihoods data collected under the longitudinal Nairobi Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) since 2006. The NUHDSS is carried out by the African Population and Health Research Center in two slums settlements (Korogocho and Viwandani) in Nairobi City."Additionally all funders, the study communities that provided the data, and staff who collected and analyzed or processed the data should be acknowledged.

10.Deposit of Reports/Papers:
The user should submit electronic and paper copies of all publications generated using APHRC data to the Policy Engagement and Communications Department, with copies to the Director of Research.

11.Change of contact details:
The user will promptly inform the Director of Research of any change in your personal details as contained on this data request form.
Citation requirement
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download

Metadata production

Document ID
DDI-KEN-APHRC-TEACHINGANDASSESSMENT-2023-V10
Producers
Name Abbreviation Role
African Population and Health Research Center APHRC DDI Documentation
Date of Production
2024-04-04
Document version
Version 1.0 (April 2024)